Genus Phintella described by Bohdanowicz and Proszynski, 1987
Systematic studies on East Palaearctic Salticidae (Araneae), IV. Salticidae of Japan
| Genus Phintella Strand in Bosengerg et Strand, 1906 (sensu
Proszynski 1983) The generic name Phintella is used for listed below Japanese species and a number to other Oriental species as replacement for misused generic names: Chira Peckham, 1896, Chrysilla Thorell, 1887, Euophrys C.L.Koch, 1834, Icius Simon, 1876, Jotus L.Koch, 1881, Telamonia Thorell, 1887, applied by various authors. The full reasons for that are given in Proszynski (1983b,c). The type species of the genus is Phintella bifurcilinea (Bosenberg et Strand, 1906: 331)(a senior page synonym to Phintella typica Strand in Bosenberg et Strand, 1906: 333 and a name preferable because of common esage by Japanese authors)(Proszynski 1983c). The genus is characterized by special type of palpal organ and single palpal apophysis in males and epigyne with simple spermathecae and canals in females. The latter have also double system of accesory gland openings in spermathecae, untill now not discovered in other genera. The coloration seems to resemble usually that in Phintella bifurcilinea and Phintella castriesiana. Similar genital structures have been found in African genus Natta Karsch, 1879 which seems, however, to have different colour and setae pattern, the relationship between these genera calls for further study (Proszynski 1985). Its simple epigyne resembles somewhat Heliophanus C.L.Koch, 1833. (from Bohd. and Prosz.,1987, 99-100) (Bohd. and Prosz.,1987) |
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Species Phintella bifurcilinea (Bosenberg et Strand, 1906) Telamonia bifurcilinea Bosenberg et Strand, 1906: 331, ff.153, 357 et auct.seq., Phintella bifurcilinea: Proszynski 1983c: 7, ?Ictidops pupus Karsch, 1879: 85 (see comments in Proszynski 1983c: 5), Aelurillus pupus: Bosenberg et Strand, 1906: 356 et auct seq., Icius pupus: Proszynski 1973b; 114, ff.44-46, 1976: map 94, 1983c: 7, Phintella typica Strand in Bosenberg et Strand, 1906: 333; Proszynski 1983c: 7, f.6(syn.). (from Bohd. and Prosz.,1987) |
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| Male.Material. 1 male, 1 female - Telamonia bifurcilinea Bosenberg et Strand - Japan, Inoko, Tottori,
leg.T.Arita, det.T.Yaginuma[in Japan widely
distributed but not very common],- coll.J.Proszynski;
1 male, 1 female - Telamonia bifurcilinea, Japan, Goto Islands, 14.V.1968, leg.M.Ohno
- coll.T.Yaginuma.
Male. Cephalothorax naow bald and uniformly brownish grey with darker surroundings of eyes lateral. A few patches - remnants of dense colourless scales anteriorly on eye field, behind and below eyes II and posteriorly near the ventral margin of thorax. Goto Islands specimen with light transverse bands across middle of eye field (ending with patches of white scales behind of eyes II) and behind eye field (with a patch of white scales in the middle); patches of white scales behind eyes I median and on slopping part of the thorax; thorax and sides of cephalothorax with dark brown scales. Abdomen with striking whitish median longitudinal streak covered with colourless gleaming scales. That streak narrows posteriorly, anteriorly is split by brownish grey line slightly less than 1/2 of the length of abdomen. Dark greyish brown surfaces with yellowish punctuation follow median white streak on both sides. They are bordered by thin white marginal line interrupted twice by darker dots. Spinnerets brown. The general appearance of abdomen resembles somewhat fig.357A in Bosenberg and Strand (1906), which purports to represent female. Chelicerae elongate, resemble those in type of Ictidops pupus Karsch (Proszynski 1973b:f.44) from which they differ in presence of aminute tooth (fig.191). Sternum greyish brown - Bosenberg and Strand (1906: 356) mention for Ictidops pupus sternum yellow with black margin. Labium and coxae brownish grey. Abdomen behind epigastric fold divided into three stripes: median dark brown (constricted in two third of length) and lateral white; sides dark brown, yellowish punctuated. Clypeus very narrow, frontal view dark brown. Legs I dark brown except whitish metatarsus and tip of tarsus. Other femora, patellae and tibiae dark brown, metatarsi yellowish. There are some paler areas on dorsal surfaces of patellae and tibiae - less contrasting on leg I, more on remaining. Palpal organs are shown on figs.180-187. Pedipalps dark brown except patella dorsally covered with white gleaming scales. Palpal femur without protuberance noted on holotype of Ictidops pupus, the shape of tibial apophysis is also different, which rises doubts to the conspecific status of the holotype of Ictidops pupus Karsch and the Phintella bifurcilinea. (from Bohd. and Prosz.,1987) |
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| Female. Dark coloured body contrasting with uniformly whitish legs. Cephalothorax now bald, with transverse paler belt across eye field in front of eyes III. White scales form thin line above ventral margin of thorax, on both sides. Abdomen of Tottori specimen makes appearance of not fully coloured, now yellowish grey, with thin median white line along the posterior half of abdomen, marginally there are two diagonal white spots in the posterior half and traces of white marginal line in the anterior half. This pattern of dark flattened abdomen and whitish posterior median line is confirmed by the Goto Islands specimen. Anterior margin of abdomen characteristically grooved with two separate "humps" pointed anterior wards. Frontal aspect greyish brown with whitish pedipalps and legs. Frontal surfaces of chelicerae brownish grey contrasting with surrounding yellow lateral surfaces. Maxillary olates and labium (which is darker) greyish brown, sternum also greyish brown with two paler spots near coxae I. Coxae whitish, but posterior surfaces of coxae IV strikingly different - brownish grey. Abdomen greyish yellow with two longitudinal whitish streaks separating median darker strip. Spinnerets darker grey. Epigyne of Tottori specimen shown on figs.188-190. There are two indistinct pockets under posterior rim of epigyne, not marked on the drawing.. (from Bohd. and Prosz.,1987, 103-105) |
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Measurements legs:
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Species Phintella castriesiana (Grube, 1861) Maevia castriesiana Grube, 1861: 27, Telamonia castriesiana: Simon 1901: 539-541, et auct.seq., Proszynski 1971: 223, Icius castriesiana: Proszynski 1976: map 95, ff.235,236, 1979: 310, ff.131-142, Phintella castriesiana: Proszynski 1983b: 43, 44, f.1-2, Attus arenicolor Grube, 1861: 26, Proszynski 1971: 207-208, ff.1-6, 1979: 310(syn.), Sitticus bilineatus Saito, 1939: 42, 1960: ff.217a-b, Proszynski 1971: 207(syn. Attus arenicolor), Euophrys aninotatus Bosenberg et Strand, 1906: 338-339, ff.143, 36A-C. Material.1 male- lectotypus, 1 male - paralectotypus - Euophrys aninotatus Bos. et Str., Typus! Japan, Saga. W.Donitz S. - coll.SMF 2459; 1 male - Icius castriesianus, Jotus linea (Karsch) - Japan, Goto Islands, Nagasaki Pref.[widely distributed in Japan and common], 20.V.1968, leg.T.Yaginuma ; 1 male, 1 juv. - Jotus linea (Karsc) - Japan, Goto Islands, Nagasaki Pref., leg.T.Yaginuma, 14.V.1968; 1 male - Japan, Miyagi Pref., leg.S.Nishiki, 8.VIII.1963; 1 male - Japan, Haruna, Gunma Pref., M.Ohno, 20.VI.1961; 1 male - Japan, Nanairo, Wakayama Pref., leg.T.Yaginuma, 2.VI.1951 - all coll.J.Prosznski. The species can be recognized by: tibial apophysis bent sidewards, anterior surface of femur I darkened, abdominal pattern containing median dark line along at least anterior half of abdomen, with marginal darker lines reaching to the end of median line. There may be some variable diagonal dark lines in the posterior half of abdomen. The general coloration of the male seems to be variable - from almost whitish abdomen and pale brownish cephalothorax specimen from Nanairo to dark brwon cephalothorax and reduced white background on abdomen in specimen from Haruna. Legs vary from whitish to brownish depending from the general coloration of the specimen. The palpal organ corresponds with that structure of specimens from Primore (Proszynski 1979). |
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| Male. Whitish coloured small spider, with blackish surroundings of eyes lateral, vertical dark streak along frontal surface of chelicerae and white central streak of abdomen bordered grey. Dorsal surface generally whitish, with transversal spots of fawnish setae on the thorax, not reaching marginal area which is whitish. Abdomen whitish, with two marginal grey lines along two thirds of dorsal surface. There are three grey arching diagonally transversal, parallel thin lines in two thirds of abdomen coming almost to the mid line of abdomen, and a dark tip of the anal tubercle. Eyes I median surrounded by brown rings, lateral by black ones, both also by short whitish setae. Clypeus very low, whitish yellow, more laterally blackish brown margined. Chelicerae pale yellowish with prominent edge radiating from the basis towards the cheliceral tip; that edge is coloured brownish grey with exception of one fifth of apical length of chaelicerae - so there are two radiating dark lines along surfaces of chelicerae. Pedipalps whitish with tarsus fawnish covered with brownish setae. Legs whitish with anterior surface of femur I darkened to brownish, its apical part forms a narrow intensely darker line. The darker lines and spots on clypeus, chelicerae and femur I are presumably species recognition marks. Ventral surface. Uniformly pale yellowish or whitish. Legs whitish. Palpal organ - as shown on figs.180-183. （from Bohd. and Prosz.,1987, 110-113) |
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Measurements (specimens from Goto Islands,
males):
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Species Phintella melloteei (Simon, 1888) 【IKEDA's comments. This species is the female of Phintella castriesiana (Grube,1861).】 Maevia Mellotei Simon, 1888: 248, Telamonia Melloteei: Simon 1901: 540, Bosenberg and Strand 1906: 331 et auct.seq., Phintella melloteei: Proszynski 1983c: 6, Jotus difficilis Bosenberg et Strand, 1906: 336 et auct.seq., Yaginuma 1970: 671, Icius difficilis: Proszynski 1976: map 103, 1979: 331, ff.143-149, Wesolowska 1981a: 57, Sitticus pallicolor Bosenberg et Strand, 1906: 341, ff.152, syn.n. Material.1 female- lectotypus nov.- Telamonia mellotei E.S. Yokohama(Mell.) - coll.MNHN - Paris; 2 females - Jotus difficilis Bos. et Strand. Typus! Japan: Saga u. Yokohama. W.Donitz 1882 - coll.SMF 2517; 1 female - Jotus difficilis - Japan: Osaka Pref., 23.VIII.1959, leg.det.T.Yaginuma - cll.J.Proszynski; 1 female - Jotus difficilis - Japan: Schiotani, Wakayama Pref., 3.VIII.1951, leg.det.T.Yaginuma - coll.Proszynski; 1 female - Jotus difficilis - Japan: Noboribetsu, Hokkaido, 8.VIII.1954, leg.det.T.Yaginuma - coll.J.Proszynski; 1 female - holotypus - Sitticus pallicolor Bos. et Strand. Typus! Japan: Saga. WDonitz 1882 - coll.SMF 2623. |
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| Female. Small pale yellowish white spider,
devoid of any distinct pattern. Eye field
whitish, eyes anterior median on brown rings,
remaining surrounded with black. Thorax and
sides yellowish with a few fawnish brown
lines radiating from fovea. Abdomen whitish,
in one specimen traces of diagonal greyish
lines running marginally. Legs pale yellowish,
without margins. Venter whitish. Epigyne
as shown on figs.202-206. It resembles closely
Phintella castriesiana from which it seems to differ in diamond
shaped depression anteriorly and some minor
details. The specimen labelled as "Telamonia mellotei ES Yokohama" in Simon collection, apparently
a type, is kept together with a male specimen differing significantly from male of Icius difficilis in Proszynski (1979: ff.146-147). Palpal
organ of that specimen (fig.212-213) resembles
rather "Icius" munitus (fig.210-211) and is almost identical with
"Telamonia" leucaspis Simon from Sumatra (fig.214-215). On the
other hand, Wesolowska (1981a: 57) doubts
whether female of Icius difficilis differs significantly from Phintella castriesiana, we assume provisionally that the female
of Phintella melloteei is identical with Icius difficilis - the proper name of the species should
be therefore Phintella melloteei. We assume provisionally that the male from
the Simon collection is misidentified and
reclassify it provisionally as "Phintella versicolor (C.L.Koch). The type specimen of Sitticus pallicolor Bosenberg et Strand 1906 is rather in a bad state of preservation, apparently dried up once and shrunken. It can be either Phintella castriesiana or Phintell melloteei, the second choice more probable. |
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Measurements (specimens from Goto Islands,
males):
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Species Phintella linea (Karsch, 1879) Euophrys linea Karsch, 1879: 9, Jotus linea: Bosenberg et Strand, 1906: 337 et auct.seq., Icius linea: Proszynski 1973c: 113, ff.39-43, Phintella linea: Proszynski 1983c: 6, f.11-13, Jotus munitus Bosenberg et Strand, 1906: 334-336, f.392[part: male, non female = Icius versicolor (C.L.Koch, 1846)], syn.n. Material.2 males, 1 female - Jotus linea (Karsch), Japan, W.Donitz 1882 - coll.SMF 2519; 1 male - lectotypus nov.- Jotus munitus Bos. et Str.,Japan, Saga, Donitz, 1882 - coll.SMF 2521; 1 female - Jotus linea - Japan, Kaibara, Hyogo Pref., leg.I.Yoshimi, 4.Vi.1961; 1 male - Jotus difficilis Bos. et Str., Japan, Nara Pref., 20.II.1967, leg.det.T.Yaginuma - coll.J.Prosznski. (from Bohd. and Prosz.,1987, 107-110) |
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| The original drawing of Bosenberg and Strand
(1906: f.392) is not the very good
picture
of the original palpus drawn again
on figs.199-201.
The femoral protuberance on palpus
(fig.201)
seems to be characteristic. Female
epigyne
small and indistinct, its external
structure
can be interpreted in a different way
(figs.193-195,
see also Proszynski 1973b: f.42).
Male (specimen from Nara Pref.). The palpal organ resembles type of Jotus munitus (fig.199-200) and Icius linea from Donitz collection in SMF (figs.196-198). On the other hand it differs significantly from the specimen described by Proszynski (1979: 311, ff.143-149) as unkown male of this species, also body coloraton. It is difficult to decide which matching of males and females is correct for this species and the decision taken here is provisional. The coloration is rather contrasting, with cephalothorax brown, ornated with remnants of white setae on torax behind fovea and along ventral margin, which is black. Abdomen whitish with blackish grey diagonal lines bordering anterior median light spot, followed by anterior pair of marginal, dark lines, separated by a light marginal line, posterior half with dark mottled median line. Clypeus dark brown, devoid of setae (in studied specimen), chelicerae brwon, only dorsally lighter, remaining femora light yellow. Remaining segments of leg I light yellow with consrasting two dark brown rings on tibia and apically on metatarsus. Remaining legs follow that pattern. Ventrally on abdomen broad blackish longitudinal streak. |
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| Female. Cephalothorax whitish yellow with
scarce brown bristles and some whitish adpressed
setae laterally and anteriorly to the eye
field. Eye field a little lighter, surrounding
of lateral eyes intense black, anterior median
brown. Ventral margin of carapace grey. Leg I yellowish white with 4 pairs of spines on metatarsus, 4 on tibia and 4 spines on femur; other legs similar. Abdomen yellowish white, covered with small transparent setae (tegument transparent with no traces of pigment); lateral surfaces similar, anal tubercle and spinnerets whitish. Clypeus whitish yellow with whitish protruding bristles and laterally some semi adpressed hairs. Cheliverae whitish with one retromarginal and two promarginal teeth. Sternum whitish yellow with whitish setae. Venter yellowish white. Epigyne as on figs.193-195. |
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Measurements (specimens from Goto Islands, males):
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Species Phintella versicolor (C.L.Koch, 1846) Plexippus versicolor C.L.Koch, 1846: 103, f.1165, Chrysilla versicolor: Thorell 1890: 275 et auct.seq., Phintella versicolor: Proszynski 1983c: 6, Jotus munitus Bosenberg et Strand, 1906: 334-336, f.374[part: female, non male = Phintella linea), Yaginuma 1974: f.292, Aelurillus dimorphus Donitz et Strand in Bosenberg et Strand, 1906: 398, ff.125-126. Material. 1 male - typus - Plexxipus versicolor, Type, Bintang - coll.C.L.Koch, Z.M.Berlin 1627; 4 females - paralectotypi (nov.) - Jotus munitus Bos. et Str.,4 females Syntypen! Japan, Saga, Donitz 1882 - coll.SMF 2522; 1 male - Jotus munitus Bos. et Str.,Japan, Aichi Pref.[widely distributed in Japan and common], 25.VIII.1960, leg.det.T.Yaginuma; 1 female Jotus munitus Bos. et Str., Japan, Hyogo Pref., 14.VII.1957, leg.det.T.Yaginuma; 2 females - Chrysilla versicolor (= Jotus munitus), Japan, Iwawaki, Osaka Pref., leg.T.Yaginuma, 3.V.1958; 1 male - Chrysilla versicolor (= Jotus munitus), Japan, Mishima-gun, Osaka Pref., 31.I.1945, leg.T.Yaginuma; 1 female - Chrysilla versicolor (= Jotus munitus), Japan, Mt.Nijo, Osaka Pref., 2.VI.1940, leg.T.Yaginuma - coll.J.Proszynski. Comparative material. 1 male - Telamonia leucaspis, E.S.Sumatra ft.du Hiron (Bd) - coll.E.Simon 8702, MMHN - Paris; 1 male - Chrysilla lauta Thor. Typus. Birmania, Bhamo 1885. L.Fea - coll.Mus.Civ.Genova. (from Bohd. and Prosz.,1987, 113-115) |
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| Males and females oｆ this species strikingly
differ in external appearance. It deserves
therefore quotation, that T.Yaginuma confirmed
hteir matching during breeding experiments
(personal communication). Male. Cephalothorax brown with broad and contrasting belt of white setae (one third of the cephalothorax height) along te ventral margin of the thorax. Between eyes I median there are behind the fovea tufts of white adpressed setae and sparse remnants of small silvery scales on the eye field. Flattened and flame like waving setae stretching horizontally above eyes I median (except their median ends) and parts of lateral. Eyes lateral surrounded black. Dorsal surface of abdomen whitish, median brownish area (one htird width of abdomen) stretching along half of length of abdomen. Sides brownish, posteriorly paler. Frontal aspect chestnut brown, with spot of white setae above touching point of eyes I median and directly below overhanging chelicerae. Legs I brown with median one third of metatarsus and whole tarsus ywllowish, tibia slightly paler brown medially. Remaining legs paler. Chelicerae brown, maxillary plates and labium brown, white tipped. Sternum whitish yellow, thinly brown margined. Coxae whitish except I which is whitish ventrally but brown posteriorly and anteriorly. Abdomen ventrally brownish grey, with transverse rows of large colourless scales. Spinnerets ventrally brown, dorsally pale ywllowish. Pedipalps white with trochanter and proximal end od femur dark brown. Palpal organ (figs.210-211) almost identical with that of the male specimen found in the tube "Telamonia melloteei Sim." 'fig.212-213), which was apparently incidentally collected with female of other species. The comparison with related species "Telamonia" leucaspis Simon, 1903 gives some orientation into the specific characters in this group of species. |
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| Female (specimens from Hyogo Pref., Twawaki
and Mishima-gun). Pale yellowish, medium, sized with diversified cephalothoracal pattern and darkened anterior surfaces of femora I. Cephalothorax generally yellowish white with contrasting black surrounding of eyes. Brownish lines on thorax as follows: a) posterior borderline of eye field; b) ventral edge line; c) a pair of "brown circles" with light centers on posterior slope of thorax - these are posterior rounded extensions of broad mid height thoracal bands with white setae in the center, on some specimens looking like circles on other rather like elongate spots. Light areas are broad marginal stripes of white setae, white setae on brown elongate spots, light area between eye field and these elongate brown spots, eye field which is yellowish fawn expanded sidewards between eyes II and III. Legs appear white except brown rings near joints on femora, patellae and tibia, thsese are more intense on legs I-II, less on tibia III and IV. Anterior surfaces of femur I darkened - brown, on same surface of femur II there is a small brown rounded spot subapically. Abdomen whitish, dotted regularly with small reddish dots consisting of setae, which may have been lost on some specimens. Clypeus whitish, chelicerae brown, pedipalps whitish. Femora I anteriorly darkened. Maxillary plates and labium fawnish yellow, white tipped. Coxae and sternum whitish. Abdomen ventrally uniformly whitish or pale greish. Epigyne shown on figs.216-221. |
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Measurements
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Species Phintella abnormis (Bosenberg et Strand, 1906) Jotus abnormis Bosenberg et Strand, 1906: f.336, f.337 et auct.seq., Yaginuma 1970: 671, Icius abnormis: Proszynski 1976: map 99, 1979: 310, f.130, Phintella abnormis: Proszynski 1983c: 6. Material.1 female- Jotus abnormis Bos.et Str., - Japan, Aichi Pref.[widely distributed in Japan and common], 19.VII.1954, leg.det.T.Yaginuma ; 1 male - Jotus abnormis - Japan, Kaibara, Hyogo Pref., 10.VIII.1962, leg.I.Yoshimi, det.T.Yaginuma; 1 male - Jotus abnormis - Japan, Kumamoto Pref., 6.VI.1958, leg.T.Irie, det.T.Yaginuma ; all - coll.J.Prosznski. Comparative material. 1 female - typus - Icius abnormis Bos.+Strand - Japan: Saga, W.Donitz 1882 - coll.SMF 2516. . (from Bohd. and Prosz.,1987, 100-103) |
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| Male light coloured, long legged with thin continuous dark line along anterior surface of femora I. Cephalothorax pale with whitish yellow eye field and pale median thoracal streak. Anterior and lateral margins of eye field black, sides of thorax pale fawnish, whitish elongate spot above the posteriorly lateral margin of thorax. Abdomen elongate, whitish with grey dotted streaks along the margins. Arontal aspect. Coloration pale yellowish, chelicerae elongate. Eyes I surrounded black but in frontal view that black colour is invisible, instead direct white short setae surrounding with single layer eyes I become striking. Ventral surface generally pale yellowish, sternum thinly grey margined. Abdomen whitish with three dark greyish streaks median and two diagonal running from epigastric fold to the posterior spiracle where they fuse. Immediately behind spiracle there is a white spot passing laterally into blackish ring around the spinnerets. The membrane near spinnerets is whitish, spinnerets ventrally pale greyish, dorsally whitish. Legs long, dorsally light, lateral surfaces fawnish with single thin dark lines along femora I and some other joints. Pedipalps rather long, the shape of palpal organ shown on figs.177-179. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Female. One of two studied adult specimens is twice smaller and almost whitish, with faint traces of abdominal dorsal pattern. Apart from the similarities in internal structure of epigyne there are no indications of their conspecific relationships. Description based on bigger specimen. Dorsal coloration generally resembles that of the male. Cephalothorax more fawnish. Marginal greyish streaks on abdomen fainter and following them light stripes on lateral surfaces more prominent. Legs shorter, yellowish, without darker lines on femora. Frontal aspect generally whitish and yellowish. Ventral surface. Like in the male, three dark stripes on abdomen in a form of lines of spots, they fuse in front of posterior spiracle. Dark ring before spinnerets broken by paler spot behind spiracle as in male. Epigyne small and without clear distinctive features (figs.172-176), its copulatory canals particularly short. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Measurements (female): length of cephalothorax
2.44, length of abdomen 3.78, length
of eye
field 1.06, width of eye field I 1.46,
width
of eye field III 1.40, height 1.15.
Length
of segments of legs: I 0.50+0.90+1.04+0.70+1.40;
II 0.50+0.87+0.95+0.70+1.34; III 0.62+1.20+1.01+0.70+1.48;
IV 0.53+1.43+1.23+0.70+1.74. Ratios:
a 0.48;
b 1.00; c 0.76; d 1.22; h 0.51Measurements
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| Figures; See http://salticidae.org/salticid/main.htm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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