Simonのハエトリグモ属の検索
Key to Group of Genera of Salticidae
after SIMON,E.1937.
LES ARACHNIDES DE FRANCE


traslated from French to English by IKEDA,H & CARTAN,K.1997

Acta arachnology, 46(2):139-145,December 30,1997


            Les Arachnides de France (SIMON,1937)
            に掲載されたハエトリグモ属の検索(英訳)

            池 田 博 明1)・カルタン 和美2)

1)Kanade 1099,Oimachi,Ashigarakami−gun,Kanagawa,258-001 Japan
 〒258−0018 神奈川県足柄上郡大井町金手1099
2)Laboratory of Wildlife Biology,School of Agriculture& Life Sciences,University of Tokyo, Bunkyo−ku,Tokyo,l13-0032 Japan
 東京大学大学院農学生命科学研究科野生動物学教室
 〒113−0032 東京都文京区弥生1-1-1


 ポーランドのProsynskiの精力的な仕事により,ハエトリグモの分類学的研究は各国で盛んになった.特に1990年に彼が発行したハエトリグモのカタログは意義が大きかった.その後, 合衆国のW.MADDISONによりこのカタログのハイパーテキスト・バージョンがインターネッ ト上にもコンバートされ,改訂されて,現在の ところ1995年版が研究者に利用されている (Proszynski,1990;1995).
 しかし,ハエトリグモの分類体系が完成したわけではない.1970年代にはProszynskiによ る生殖器の構造を中心とした現代的な観点で属の整理が行われることが期待されていたが(松本1975),彼はその仕事をタイプ標本の再記載 と新種の記載に集中し,属の検討は後回しにな った.新属を立てたときも属の記載をせず,他の属との違いは明瞭であったからと言いわけした時もあった.その結果,日本産のジャバラハエトリグモ属 Heliciusのように属徴が明確でないグループも出来てしまった(Bohdanowicz& Proszynski, 1987).もっとも,タイプ標本を再検討した彼の仕事のお蔭で同種のものに異なる学名がついていた例(同種異名)はだいぶ整理 された.しかし,属徴が不明瞭であるという事態は以前続いており,最近の研究では Proszynski自身も属徴は地域を限定したとりあえずのものと断っている(Berry et al., 1996).Proszynskiの後継者と目されるZabkaもオーストラリアのハエトリグモの図解検察を作成する際に,人為分類と批判の強い上顎の後牙堤歯による分類を便宜的に採用した(Davies & Zabka, 1989).
 こういった便宜的な措置は系統分類の理想からはほど遠いものであるが,実際に未知のハエトリグモを目前にしたときにその種名を調べる目的からすると利用価値は十分にある.未知種の正体を知るのに既知の属の理解が必要であることは言うまでもない.
 つまり,ハエトリグモの属の記載は現在でも整理されておらず,種の見当をつけるのにはど うしても古典をひもとかねばならないのである.SimonやThorellの記載はフランス語やラテン語であり,BosenbergやStrandの記載はドイツ語である.私たち日本人にとっては言語のハンディキャップが大きい.しかし,これらを読解しないことには分類を先へ進めることが出来ないのであった.
 そこで,とりあえずSimonの『フランスのク モ』(1937)中のハエトリグモの属の検索を翻訳 してみることにした.日本語に訳してもほとん ど利用価値がないため,註だけを日本語で記述 し,本文は英訳した.Simonはハエトリグモ科に限らず,属グループを設定していて,その検索も重要であった.

引用文献
BERRY,J.W.,J.A.BEATTY and J.PROSZYNSKI,1996.Salticidae on the Pacific Islands.T.Distribution of twelve genera,with descriptions of eighteen new species. J.Arachnol., 24:214−253.
BOHDANOWICZ,A. & J.PROSZYNSKI, 1987. Systematic studies on East Palaearctic   Sallicidae (Araneae),lV.Salticidae of Japan.Ann.zool., Warszawa, 41:43−151.
DAVIES,T.& M.ZABKA,1989. Illustrated keys to the genera of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) in Australia.Mem.Queensland Mus., 27:189-266.
本誠治,1975.ハエトリグモの分類.その歴史・体系に関する2・3の知見.Kishidaia,(39):27−31.
PROSZYNSKI,J.1990.Catalogue of Salticidae.366pp.WSRP,Siedlce.
PROSZYNSKI,J.1995.Cata10gue of Salticidae. (Hypertext version converted to html by W・ MADDISON).


訳註
1)英訳したテキストはSIMON,E.1937.LES ARACHNIDES DE FRANCE,V1.1146−1272. フランスのハエトリグモに関する部分である.  
2)SIMONはハエトリグモ科を上顎の後牙堤歯を用いて,多歯,単歯,裂歯に3分した.この歯の形態は種内変異があること,雌雄で異なる場合があることを理由にハエトリグモの分類を混乱させる元凶のひとつとなったと評価されている(松本,1975:Kaston,1981).もっとも,属以上の分類標徴としては不適切だったとしても,近縁種間ではこの歯の形態は比較的安定しており,池田は種や属の分類には有用であると考えている.
 SIMONはinferior marginをretromarginの意味で使用している.上顎の前面(pro−)を外側の 面,後面(retro−)を内側の面と認識しているのである.外側はsuperiorと表現している.SIMON のこの用法はラテン語の場合でも同様であった.  
3)SIMONが属グループの分類で重視してい る標徴は頭部と胸部の割合と形態,中かの大きさ,眼の配置,胸板の形態,歩脚の基節や腿節の長さなどである.  
4)SIMONが属の分類で重視している標徴は属グループの分類でも重視された形態の他に, 頭胸部の形態,眼域の形態,脚の各節の相対的な長さ,刺毛の状態,経節突起の形態などである.使える外部形態はほとんどなんでも使ったといってよいであろう.  
5)これらの検索のうち,眼域に関して group of dorsal eyes(背面眼域)とgroup of median eyes(中央眼域)という表現がある.前者は頭胸部を背面から見た時の全体の眼域,つ まりALE−ALE(前側眼)とPLE−PLE(後側眼)で作られる方形を,後者は中央部の眼域,おそ らくPME−PME(後中眼.最も小さい)とPLE− PLEで作られる方形を指しているものと思わ れる.second row of eyes(第二眼列)はPME− PMEのことである.


          Key to Group of Genera of Salticidae
         after SIMON,E.1937.LES ARACHNIDES DE FRANCE
        translated from French to English by lKEDA,H.& CARTAN,K. 1997


           Salticidae pluridentati (salticids with several teeth)  
This section includes the species whose chelicerae are armed,On the inferior margin, with several isolated and serial teeth.

                  Table of Groups

1. Sternum long,coxae of II legs well separated from those of II legs. Posterior border of cephalothorax and pedicel exposed,well visible from above
            …………… (3.) Myrmarachneae.
 −Sternem small. All coxae contiguous on both sides. Posterior border of cephalothorax and pedicel hidden from above,because of the convexity of the abdomen.
             ……………2.
2. Group of dorsal eyes much wider than long and shorter than thoracic part. Abdomen round in front,exposing a large part of the thoracic region.
            …………… (1.)Cyrbeae.
 −Group of dorsal eyes wider behind than in front and longer than thoracic region. Thoracic region mostly hidden by the anterior border of the right-truncated abdomen.
            ……………・(2.)Ballele.

            Salticidae unidentlti (salticids with one tooth)

 This section includes the species whose chelicerae are armed,on the inferior margin, with one single tooth,occasionally missing.


                 Table of Groups

1. Posterior margin of cephalothoerax and pedicel,Seen from above,completely exposed. Coxae of II legs well separated from those of I legs. Trochanter IV legs as long as or longer than coxa.      ……………・2.
 - Posterior margin of cephalothorax and pedicel hidden,when seen from above, by the convexity or the abdomen;All coxae contiguous on both sides. Trochnater of IV legs shorter than coxa.  …………… 3.
2. lnferior margin of chelicerae divided,anterior tibiae slender and cylindrical.
             …………… (4.) Leptorchesteae.
 − lnferior margin of chelicerae unidented. I legs robust; femur claviform, tibia oval.
             ‥………… (5.) Synageleae.
3. Inferior margin of chelicerae divided or armed with single very small and slender tooth.
             …………… 4.
 − inferior margin of chelicerae armed with single conical big tooth.
             …………… 6.
4. III legs much longer than lV legs. ・……………・…・…・…‥…・…(14.) Aelurilleae.
 − lV legs much longer than III legs. ・・……・・……・……・・・…‥…・・・・5.
5. Single short stria on thoracic part bhind the eyes. Legs armed with numerous big spines.
             …………… (10.) Sitticeae.
 − Thoracic part without stria. Legs armed with few slender spines.
             …………… (9.)Chalcoscirteae.
6. Patella+tibia of III legs longer or as long as those of IV legs.
             …………… 7.
 − Patella+tibia of III legs shorter than those of IV legs.
             …………… 10.
7. Group of median eyes,seen from above,much wider behind than in front, nevertheless much narrower behind than the cephalothorax. Second row of eyes situated well in front of the middle.
             …………… (15.) Thyene.
 − Sides of group of median eyes pararell,or slightly narrower behind than in front.
             …………… 8.
8. Labial piece also wider than long. Sternum not diminished and widely truncated anteriorly.
             …………… (7.) Saitidaeae.
 − Labial piece longer than wide. Sternum more or less diminished anteriorly.
             …………… 9.
9. Sides of group of dorsal eyes almost parallel. Posterior eyes rudimental,separated from small eyes of second row by more than their diameter.
             ……………(16.) Hylleae.
 − Group of dorsal eyes slightly narrower behind than in front. Posterior eyes big, separated from small eyes of the second row by hardly their diameter.
             ……………(17.) Plexippeae.
10. Cephalothorax very large,cephalic part longer than thoracic part. Group of dorsal eyes much larger behind than in front.
             ……………(13.) Rheneae.
 − Cephalothorax normal,cephalic part shorter than thoracic part.
             …………… 11.
11. Small eyes of second row much closer to anterior lateral than posterior lateral. Group of dorsal eyes generally slightly larger behind than in front
             ……………(12.) Dendryphanteae.
 − Small eyes of secnd row situated in the middle,approximately at equal distance from lateral anterior and lateral posterior eyes.
             …………… 12.
12. Sternum much attenuated anteriorly and coxae of I legs closer to each other.
             …………… (11.) Marpissaeae.
  − Sternum not attenuated anteriorly and much truncated between anterior coxae.
             …………… 13.
13. Posterior legs armed with numerous strong spines. Thoracic stria very small, hardly visible.
             …………… (8.) Evophrydeae.
 − Posterior legs armed with few much spaced small spines. Thoracic stria fairly long.
             …………… (9.) Chrysilleae.

          Saltisidae fissidentati (salticids with divided tooth)
 This section includes the salticids whose chericerae are armed on the inferior margin with a single compressed keel-shaped tooth(fig.2027). It is represented in our fauna by only two speies, probably introducd from hot regions,because they have not been seen, or at least only very rarely, outdoors.
                18. Group Hasarieae.


             Table of Genera of Salticidae

   1. Group Cyrbeae    (1.) Genus Cyrba.
   2. Group Balleae      (2.) Genus Ballus.
    3. Group Myrmarachneae (3.) Genus Myrmarachne.
    4. Group Leptorchesteae (4.) Genus Leptorchestes.
    5. Group Synageleae   (5.) Genus Synageles.
    6. Group Chrysillae
- Group of dorsal eyes narrower behind than in front. Metatarsi of IV legs armed with apical spines and medial spines.
             …………… (6.) Telamonia.
- Group of dorsal eyes slightly larger behind than in front. Metatarsi of IV legs armed with only two small apical spines.
             ……………(7.) Heliophanus.

    7. Group Saitideae    (8.) Genus Saitis.
    8. Group Evophrydae  (9.) Genus Evophrys.
    9. Group Chalcoscirteae.
- Chelicerae armed on inferior margin with one small tooth. Labial piece as wide as long. Abdomen without scutum.
             …………… (10.) Neon.
- Chelicerae without spines on inferior margin. Labial piece slightly longer than wide. Abdomen of mae equipped with smooth dorsal scutum.
             …………… (11.) Chalcoscirtus.
    10. Group Sitticeae
1. Tarsi equipped with very long clusters,especially the posterior ones,clusters of first legs prolonged in a big scopula under the joint,almost reaching the base. Tarsus claw slender,almost straight but hooked at tip,armed with serial long and slender teeth,occupying only apical half of IV legs.
             …………… 2.
−Ungual cluster of tarsi distinctly limited to the region of claw(3). Claws slender,almost straight but hooked at tip,wholly without spines. Tibial apophysis generally straight and pointing forward. ♂ bulb flat inside view,not prolonged under the tibia.
             …………… 3.
2. Cephalothorax fairly flat and long,reminding that of Menemerus. Anterior eyes,seen from front , make a row strongly recurved at top,lateral eyes separated from median eyes by at least their diameter. Superior margin of chelicerae,seen from below,almost transverse,curved and convexe,and is armed on the angle with a single small tooth. Coxae and trochanters of IV legs relatively long. Legs look as if detached from soma.
             …………… Yllenus.
− Cephalothorax thick,reminding that of Aelurillus and especially of Mogrus,its thoracic part relatively short very inclined. Anterjor eyes seen from front make a row less recurved,lateral eyes separated from median eyes by at most their diameter,often less. Superior margin of chelicerae hardly dilated , armed nearby the angle with 2 or 3 small teeth contiguous and uneven like those of Sitticus. Posterior legs normal.
             ……………(13.) Pseudomogrus, n.g.
3. Group of dorsal eyes,seen from above,wider behind than in front. Cephalothoraxs short,a little rhombdhedral, thoracic part not or hardly longer than cephalic part, strongly diminished and inclined in a seep slope. IV legs much longer than III legs. Sternum small,acuminating forward (like those of Yllenus).
             ……………(14.) Attulus.
− Sides of group of dorsal eyes nearly parallel. Cephalothorax longer,thoracic part at least 1/4 longer than cephaIic part. III legs and IV legs.
             ……………(12.) Sitticus.
    11. Group Marpisseae
1. Tibiae and metatarsi anterior without spines. Chelicerae of male very long and procurved. Tegument covered,at least partly,with large scales.
             ……………(15.) Salticus.
 - Tibiae and metatarsi armed underneath with strong biserial spines. Chelicerae vertical in both sexes.
             …………… 2.
2. Posterior metatarsi without apical spines. Soma very narrow. Pubscence simple,not dense.
             ……………・(18.) Hyctia.
 - Posterior metatarsi with apical spines.
             ……………・ 3.
3. Sternum slightly diminished anteriorly and truncated btween the distant anterior coxae.
             …………… (17.) Menemerus.
 − Sternum strongly diminished anteriorly and anterior coxae sub-contiguous.
             …………… 4.
4. Anterior eyes very uneven and sub-contiguous. Group of dorsal eyes hardly 1/5 wider than long.
             …………… (19.) Mithion.
 − Anterior eyes relatively smaller,lateral eyes more separated from median eyes. Group of dorsal eyes nearly 1/3 wider than long.
             ……………・(16.) Marpissa.
    12. Group Dendryphanteae
1. Cephalothorax large and convex. Group of eyes,seen from above,obviously wider behind than in front,with small eyes of second row situated much nearer the anterior lateral than the posterior one; slopes of cephalic region have,below the eyes,strong hair curved upward and then standing upright. Large part of pubescence squamous;femur without sensory hairs with spindle−shaped base underneath.
             ……………・(20.) Dendryphates.
- Cephalothorax narrower,seen above nearly parallel or a little oval. Group of eyes,seen from above,not or hardly larger behind than in front, with small eyes of second row at almost equal distance to anterior lateral and posterior lateral (some exceptions in male).Pubescence for a large part simple except on white parts.Cephalic slope without raised hairs;femur having underneath sensory hairs with swollen base disposed in an oblique line.
             …………… 2.
2. Tibiae of I legs amed underneath with short and robust biserial spines:3 (rarely 2)internal spines situated in the apical half, 2 (rarely 1) external spines. Anterior femur equipped (at least in female) on the internal face with 3 or 4 small black spindle-shaped and hair-bearing tubercules.
             …………… (21.) Icius.
−Anterior tibiae without external spines underneath,with only of 1,2 or 3 very small subapical internal spines.Anterior femur,with more numerous and biserial sensory hairs on their internal face (in both sexes )(1-5 or 1-7)(encarpatus).
             …………… (22.) Pseudicius.
    13. Group Rheneae     23. Genus Bianor.
    14. Group Aelurilleae
1. Sides of group of dorsal eyes parallel or a little narrower behind than in front.
             …………… 2.
 − Group of dorsal eyes larger behind than in front.
             …………… 4.
2. III legs shorter than IV legs. Cephalothorax long,with thoracic part twice longer than cephaIic part.
             …………… (24.) Phlegra.
 − III legs longer than IVlegs. Cephalothorax short.
             …………… 3.
3. Sides of cephalic part parallel. Ocular group a little narrower behind than in front. Anterior eyes form of a row sljghtly recurved. Ill legs much longer than IV legs.
             …………… (25.) Habrocestum.
  − Cephalic part a little diminished in front but sides of ocular group parallel. Anterior eyes form of a row strongly recurved. III legs and lV legs of subequal length.
             ……………(26.) Aelurillus.
4. Posterior metatarsi and tarsi joined are shorter than patellae and tibiae together;tibia of IV legs armed with one superior subbasal spine.
             ……………(27.) Mogrus.
 − Posterior metatarsi and tarsi joined shorter than patellae and tibiae together;tibia of IV legs without superior spine.
             …………… 5.
5. Group of dorsal eyes much smaller than thoracic part,and a little narrower behind than cephalothorax.
             ……………(28.) Pellenes.
 − Group of dorsal eyes longer or at least not shorter than thoracic part,but also larger than cephalothorax.
             …………… (29.) Neartha.
    15. Group Thyeneae    (30.) Genus Thyene.
    16. Group Hylleae 
1. Anterior metatarsi armed with inferior spines (2−2) but without lateral spines.
             …………… (33.) Evarcha.
 − Anterior metatarsi armed with inferior spines and lateral spines.
             …………… 2.
2. Metatarsi of the two posterior pairs of legs armed with spines forming 3 verticils. ♂ bulb conical at the base with long free stylet.
             …………… (31.) Philaeus.
 − Metatarsi of III legs armed with 2 verticils,those of IV legs with 3. ♂ bulb simple and spindle-shaped.
             …………… (32.) Carrhotus.
     17. Group Plexippeae    34. Genus Plexippus.
     18. Group Hasarieae
 − Anterior metatarsi without lateral spines, armed underneath with 2-2 spines. Bandage almost smooth.
             …………… (35.) Hasarius.
 − Anterior metatarsi armed on both sides with 2lateral spines, underneath with 2-2 spines, all almost similar to each other. Bandage with thick bristle.
             …………… (36.) Panysinus. 

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