Acta arachnology, 46(2):139-145,December
30,1997
Les Arachnides de
France (SIMON,1937)
に掲載されたハエトリグモ属の検索(英訳)
池 田 博 明1)・カルタン 和美2)
1)Kanade 1099,Oimachi,Ashigarakami−gun,Kanagawa,258-001
Japan
〒258−0018 神奈川県足柄上郡大井町金手1099
2)Laboratory of Wildlife Biology,School
of Agriculture& Life Sciences,University
of Tokyo, Bunkyo−ku,Tokyo,l13-0032
Japan
東京大学大学院農学生命科学研究科野生動物学教室
〒113−0032 東京都文京区弥生1-1-1
ポーランドのProsynskiの精力的な仕事により,ハエトリグモの分類学的研究は各国で盛んになった.特に1990年に彼が発行したハエトリグモのカタログは意義が大きかった.その後,
合衆国のW.MADDISONによりこのカタログのハイパーテキスト・バージョンがインターネッ
ト上にもコンバートされ,改訂されて,現在の
ところ1995年版が研究者に利用されている (Proszynski,1990;1995).
しかし,ハエトリグモの分類体系が完成したわけではない.1970年代にはProszynskiによ
る生殖器の構造を中心とした現代的な観点で属の整理が行われることが期待されていたが(松本1975),彼はその仕事をタイプ標本の再記載
と新種の記載に集中し,属の検討は後回しにな
った.新属を立てたときも属の記載をせず,他の属との違いは明瞭であったからと言いわけした時もあった.その結果,日本産のジャバラハエトリグモ属
Heliciusのように属徴が明確でないグループも出来てしまった(Bohdanowicz&
Proszynski, 1987).もっとも,タイプ標本を再検討した彼の仕事のお蔭で同種のものに異なる学名がついていた例(同種異名)はだいぶ整理
された.しかし,属徴が不明瞭であるという事態は以前続いており,最近の研究では
Proszynski自身も属徴は地域を限定したとりあえずのものと断っている(Berry
et al., 1996).Proszynskiの後継者と目されるZabkaもオーストラリアのハエトリグモの図解検察を作成する際に,人為分類と批判の強い上顎の後牙堤歯による分類を便宜的に採用した(Davies
& Zabka, 1989).
こういった便宜的な措置は系統分類の理想からはほど遠いものであるが,実際に未知のハエトリグモを目前にしたときにその種名を調べる目的からすると利用価値は十分にある.未知種の正体を知るのに既知の属の理解が必要であることは言うまでもない.
つまり,ハエトリグモの属の記載は現在でも整理されておらず,種の見当をつけるのにはど
うしても古典をひもとかねばならないのである.SimonやThorellの記載はフランス語やラテン語であり,BosenbergやStrandの記載はドイツ語である.私たち日本人にとっては言語のハンディキャップが大きい.しかし,これらを読解しないことには分類を先へ進めることが出来ないのであった.
そこで,とりあえずSimonの『フランスのク
モ』(1937)中のハエトリグモの属の検索を翻訳
してみることにした.日本語に訳してもほとん
ど利用価値がないため,註だけを日本語で記述
し,本文は英訳した.Simonはハエトリグモ科に限らず,属グループを設定していて,その検索も重要であった.
引用文献
BERRY,J.W.,J.A.BEATTY and J.PROSZYNSKI,1996.Salticidae
on the Pacific Islands.T.Distribution
of twelve genera,with descriptions
of eighteen
new species. J.Arachnol., 24:214−253.
BOHDANOWICZ,A. & J.PROSZYNSKI,
1987. Systematic studies on East Palaearctic
Sallicidae (Araneae),lV.Salticidae
of Japan.Ann.zool., Warszawa, 41:43−151.
DAVIES,T.& M.ZABKA,1989. Illustrated
keys to the genera of jumping spiders
(Araneae:
Salticidae) in Australia.Mem.Queensland
Mus., 27:189-266.
本誠治,1975.ハエトリグモの分類.その歴史・体系に関する2・3の知見.Kishidaia,(39):27−31.
PROSZYNSKI,J.1990.Catalogue of Salticidae.366pp.WSRP,Siedlce.
PROSZYNSKI,J.1995.Cata10gue of Salticidae.
(Hypertext version converted to html
by W・
MADDISON).
訳註
1)英訳したテキストはSIMON,E.1937.LES
ARACHNIDES DE FRANCE,V1.1146−1272.
フランスのハエトリグモに関する部分である.
2)SIMONはハエトリグモ科を上顎の後牙堤歯を用いて,多歯,単歯,裂歯に3分した.この歯の形態は種内変異があること,雌雄で異なる場合があることを理由にハエトリグモの分類を混乱させる元凶のひとつとなったと評価されている(松本,1975:Kaston,1981).もっとも,属以上の分類標徴としては不適切だったとしても,近縁種間ではこの歯の形態は比較的安定しており,池田は種や属の分類には有用であると考えている.
SIMONはinferior marginをretromarginの意味で使用している.上顎の前面(pro−)を外側の
面,後面(retro−)を内側の面と認識しているのである.外側はsuperiorと表現している.SIMON
のこの用法はラテン語の場合でも同様であった.
3)SIMONが属グループの分類で重視してい
る標徴は頭部と胸部の割合と形態,中かの大きさ,眼の配置,胸板の形態,歩脚の基節や腿節の長さなどである.
4)SIMONが属の分類で重視している標徴は属グループの分類でも重視された形態の他に,
頭胸部の形態,眼域の形態,脚の各節の相対的な長さ,刺毛の状態,経節突起の形態などである.使える外部形態はほとんどなんでも使ったといってよいであろう.
5)これらの検索のうち,眼域に関して
group
of dorsal eyes(背面眼域)とgroup of
median
eyes(中央眼域)という表現がある.前者は頭胸部を背面から見た時の全体の眼域,つ
まりALE−ALE(前側眼)とPLE−PLE(後側眼)で作られる方形を,後者は中央部の眼域,おそ
らくPME−PME(後中眼.最も小さい)とPLE−
PLEで作られる方形を指しているものと思わ
れる.second
row of eyes(第二眼列)はPME− PMEのことである.
Key to Group of Genera of Salticidae
after SIMON,E.1937.LES
ARACHNIDES DE FRANCE
translated from French
to
English by lKEDA,H.& CARTAN,K.
1997
Salticidae pluridentati (salticids with several teeth)
This section includes the species whose
chelicerae
are armed,On the inferior margin,
with several
isolated and serial teeth.
Table
of Groups
1. Sternum long,coxae of II legs well
separated
from those of II legs. Posterior border
of
cephalothorax and pedicel exposed,well
visible
from above
……………
(3.) Myrmarachneae.
−Sternem small. All coxae contiguous
on both sides. Posterior border of
cephalothorax
and pedicel hidden from above,because
of
the convexity of the abdomen.
……………2.
2. Group of dorsal eyes much wider
than long
and shorter than thoracic part. Abdomen
round
in front,exposing a large part of
the thoracic
region.
…………… (1.)Cyrbeae.
−Group of dorsal eyes wider behind
than
in front and longer than thoracic region.
Thoracic region mostly hidden by the
anterior
border of the right-truncated abdomen.
……………・(2.)Ballele.
Salticidae unidentlti (salticids with one tooth)
This section includes the species
whose
chelicerae are armed,on the inferior
margin,
with one single tooth,occasionally
missing.
Table
of
Groups
1. Posterior margin of cephalothoerax
and
pedicel,Seen from above,completely
exposed.
Coxae of II legs well separated from
those
of I legs. Trochanter IV legs as long
as
or longer than coxa. ……………・2.
- Posterior margin of cephalothorax
and
pedicel hidden,when seen from above,
by
the convexity or the abdomen;All coxae
contiguous
on both sides. Trochnater of IV legs
shorter
than coxa. …………… 3.
2. lnferior margin of chelicerae divided,anterior
tibiae slender and cylindrical.
……………
(4.)
Leptorchesteae.
− lnferior margin of chelicerae
unidented.
I legs robust; femur claviform, tibia
oval.
‥…………
(5.)
Synageleae.
3. Inferior margin of chelicerae divided
or armed with single very small and
slender
tooth.
……………
4.
− inferior margin of chelicerae
armed
with single conical big tooth.
……………
6.
4. III legs much longer than lV legs.
・……………・…・…・…‥…・…(14.)
Aelurilleae.
− lV legs much longer than III legs.
・・……・・……・……・・・…‥…・・・・5.
5. Single short stria on thoracic part
bhind
the eyes. Legs armed with numerous
big spines.
……………
(10.)
Sitticeae.
− Thoracic part without stria. Legs
armed
with few slender spines.
……………
(9.)Chalcoscirteae.
6. Patella+tibia of III legs longer
or as
long as those of IV legs.
……………
7.
− Patella+tibia of III legs shorter
than
those of IV legs.
……………
10.
7. Group of median eyes,seen from
above,much
wider behind than in front, nevertheless
much narrower behind than the cephalothorax.
Second row of eyes situated well in
front
of the middle.
……………
(15.)
Thyene.
− Sides of group of median eyes
pararell,or
slightly narrower behind than in front.
…………… 8.
8. Labial piece also wider than long.
Sternum
not diminished and widely truncated
anteriorly.
……………
(7.)
Saitidaeae.
− Labial piece longer than wide.
Sternum
more or less diminished anteriorly.
……………
9.
9. Sides of group of dorsal eyes almost
parallel.
Posterior eyes rudimental,separated
from
small eyes of second row by more than
their
diameter.
……………(16.) Hylleae.
− Group of dorsal eyes slightly
narrower
behind than in front. Posterior eyes
big,
separated from small eyes of the second
row
by hardly their diameter.
……………(17.)
Plexippeae.
10. Cephalothorax very large,cephalic
part
longer than thoracic part. Group of
dorsal
eyes much larger behind than in front.
……………(13.)
Rheneae.
− Cephalothorax normal,cephalic
part
shorter than thoracic part.
……………
11.
11. Small eyes of second row much closer
to anterior lateral than posterior
lateral.
Group of dorsal eyes generally slightly
larger
behind than in front
……………(12.)
Dendryphanteae.
− Small eyes of secnd row situated
in
the middle,approximately at equal
distance
from lateral anterior and lateral posterior
eyes.
……………
12.
12. Sternum much attenuated anteriorly
and
coxae of I legs closer to each other.
……………
(11.)
Marpissaeae.
− Sternum not attenuated anteriorly
and
much truncated between anterior coxae.
……………
13.
13. Posterior legs armed with numerous
strong
spines. Thoracic stria very small,
hardly
visible.
……………
(8.)
Evophrydeae.
− Posterior legs armed with few
much spaced
small spines. Thoracic stria fairly
long.
……………
(9.)
Chrysilleae.
Saltisidae fissidentati (salticids with divided tooth)
This section includes the salticids
whose
chericerae are armed on the inferior
margin
with a single compressed keel-shaped
tooth(fig.2027).
It is represented in our fauna by only
two
speies, probably introducd from hot
regions,because
they have not been seen, or at least
only
very rarely, outdoors.
18.
Group
Hasarieae.
Table of Genera of Salticidae
1. Group Cyrbeae (1.) Genus Cyrba.
2. Group Balleae (2.) Genus Ballus.
3. Group Myrmarachneae (3.) Genus Myrmarachne.
4. Group Leptorchesteae (4.) Genus Leptorchestes.
5. Group Synageleae (5.) Genus Synageles.
6. Group Chrysillae
- Group of dorsal eyes narrower behind
than
in front. Metatarsi of IV legs armed
with
apical spines and medial spines.
……………
(6.)
Telamonia.
- Group of dorsal eyes slightly larger
behind
than in front. Metatarsi of IV legs
armed
with only two small apical spines.
……………(7.)
Heliophanus.
7. Group Saitideae (8.) Genus Saitis.
8. Group Evophrydae (9.) Genus Evophrys.
9. Group Chalcoscirteae.
- Chelicerae armed on inferior margin
with
one small tooth. Labial piece as wide
as
long. Abdomen without scutum.
……………
(10.)
Neon.
- Chelicerae without spines on inferior
margin.
Labial piece slightly longer than wide.
Abdomen
of mae equipped with smooth dorsal
scutum.
……………
(11.)
Chalcoscirtus.
10. Group Sitticeae
1. Tarsi equipped with very long clusters,especially
the posterior ones,clusters of first
legs
prolonged in a big scopula under the
joint,almost
reaching the base. Tarsus claw slender,almost
straight but hooked at tip,armed with
serial
long and slender teeth,occupying only
apical
half of IV legs.
…………… 2.
−Ungual cluster of tarsi distinctly
limited
to the region of claw(3). Claws slender,almost
straight but hooked at tip,wholly
without
spines. Tibial apophysis generally
straight
and pointing forward. ♂ bulb flat
inside
view,not prolonged under the tibia.
…………… 3.
2. Cephalothorax fairly flat and long,reminding
that of Menemerus. Anterior eyes,seen
from
front , make a row strongly recurved
at top,lateral
eyes separated from median eyes by
at least
their diameter. Superior margin of
chelicerae,seen
from below,almost transverse,curved
and
convexe,and is armed on the angle
with a
single small tooth. Coxae and trochanters
of IV legs relatively long. Legs look
as
if detached from soma.
…………… Yllenus.
− Cephalothorax thick,reminding that
of
Aelurillus and especially of Mogrus,its
thoracic part relatively short very
inclined.
Anterjor eyes seen from front make
a row
less recurved,lateral eyes separated
from
median eyes by at most their diameter,often
less. Superior margin of chelicerae
hardly
dilated , armed nearby the angle with
2
or 3 small teeth contiguous and uneven
like
those of Sitticus. Posterior legs normal.
……………(13.)
Pseudomogrus, n.g.
3. Group of dorsal eyes,seen from
above,wider
behind than in front. Cephalothoraxs
short,a
little rhombdhedral, thoracic part
not or
hardly longer than cephalic part, strongly
diminished and inclined in a seep slope.
IV legs much longer than III legs.
Sternum
small,acuminating forward (like those
of
Yllenus).
……………(14.) Attulus.
− Sides of group of dorsal eyes nearly
parallel.
Cephalothorax longer,thoracic part
at least
1/4 longer than cephaIic part. III
legs
and IV legs.
……………(12.)
Sitticus.
11. Group Marpisseae
1. Tibiae and metatarsi anterior without
spines. Chelicerae of male very long
and
procurved. Tegument covered,at least
partly,with
large scales.
……………(15.)
Salticus.
- Tibiae and metatarsi armed underneath
with strong biserial spines. Chelicerae
vertical
in both sexes.
…………… 2.
2. Posterior metatarsi without apical
spines.
Soma very narrow. Pubscence simple,not
dense.
……………・(18.) Hyctia.
- Posterior metatarsi with apical
spines.
……………・
3.
3. Sternum slightly diminished anteriorly
and truncated btween the distant anterior
coxae.
……………
(17.)
Menemerus.
− Sternum strongly diminished anteriorly
and anterior coxae sub-contiguous.
…………… 4.
4. Anterior eyes very uneven and sub-contiguous.
Group of dorsal eyes hardly 1/5 wider
than
long.
……………
(19.) Mithion.
− Anterior eyes relatively smaller,lateral
eyes more separated from median eyes.
Group
of dorsal eyes nearly 1/3 wider than
long.
……………・(16.)
Marpissa.
12. Group Dendryphanteae
1. Cephalothorax large and convex.
Group
of eyes,seen from above,obviously
wider
behind than in front,with small eyes
of
second row situated much nearer the
anterior
lateral than the posterior one; slopes
of
cephalic region have,below the eyes,strong
hair curved upward and then standing
upright.
Large part of pubescence squamous;femur
without sensory hairs with spindle−shaped
base underneath.
……………・(20.)
Dendryphates.
- Cephalothorax narrower,seen above
nearly
parallel or a little oval. Group of
eyes,seen
from above,not or hardly larger behind
than
in front, with small eyes of second
row at
almost equal distance to anterior lateral
and posterior lateral (some exceptions
in
male).Pubescence for a large part
simple
except on white parts.Cephalic slope
without
raised hairs;femur having underneath
sensory
hairs with swollen base disposed in
an oblique
line.
…………… 2.
2. Tibiae of I legs amed underneath
with
short and robust biserial spines:3
(rarely
2)internal spines situated in the
apical
half, 2 (rarely 1) external spines.
Anterior
femur equipped (at least in female)
on the
internal face with 3 or 4 small black
spindle-shaped
and hair-bearing tubercules.
……………
(21.)
Icius.
−Anterior tibiae without external
spines
underneath,with only of 1,2 or 3
very small
subapical internal spines.Anterior
femur,with
more numerous and biserial sensory
hairs
on their internal face (in both sexes
)(1-5
or 1-7)(encarpatus).
……………
(22.)
Pseudicius.
13. Group Rheneae 23. Genus Bianor.
14. Group Aelurilleae
1. Sides of group of dorsal eyes parallel
or a little narrower behind than in
front.
…………… 2.
− Group of dorsal eyes larger behind
than
in front.
…………… 4.
2. III legs shorter than IV legs. Cephalothorax
long,with thoracic part twice longer
than
cephaIic part.
…………… (24.)
Phlegra.
− III legs longer than IVlegs. Cephalothorax
short.
…………… 3.
3. Sides of cephalic part parallel.
Ocular
group a little narrower behind than
in front.
Anterior eyes form of a row sljghtly
recurved.
Ill legs much longer than IV legs.
……………
(25.)
Habrocestum.
− Cephalic part a little diminished
in
front but sides of ocular group parallel.
Anterior eyes form of a row strongly
recurved.
III legs and lV legs of subequal length.
……………(26.) Aelurillus.
4. Posterior metatarsi and tarsi joined
are
shorter than patellae and tibiae together;tibia
of IV legs armed with one superior
subbasal
spine.
……………(27.) Mogrus.
− Posterior metatarsi and tarsi
joined
shorter than patellae and tibiae together;tibia
of IV legs without superior spine.
…………… 5.
5. Group of dorsal eyes much smaller
than
thoracic part,and a little narrower
behind
than cephalothorax.
……………(28.)
Pellenes.
− Group of dorsal eyes longer or
at least
not shorter than thoracic part,but
also
larger than cephalothorax.
……………
(29.)
Neartha.
15. Group Thyeneae (30.) Genus Thyene.
16. Group Hylleae
1. Anterior metatarsi armed with inferior
spines (2−2) but without lateral
spines.
……………
(33.)
Evarcha.
− Anterior metatarsi armed with
inferior
spines and lateral spines.
…………… 2.
2. Metatarsi of the two posterior pairs
of
legs armed with spines forming 3 verticils.
♂ bulb conical at the base with long
free
stylet.
……………
(31.)
Philaeus.
− Metatarsi of III legs armed with
2 verticils,those
of IV legs with 3. ♂ bulb simple and
spindle-shaped.
……………
(32.)
Carrhotus.
17. Group Plexippeae 34. Genus Plexippus.
18. Group Hasarieae
− Anterior metatarsi without lateral
spines,
armed underneath with 2-2 spines. Bandage
almost smooth.
……………
(35.)
Hasarius.
− Anterior metatarsi armed on both
sides
with 2lateral spines, underneath with
2-2
spines, all almost similar to each
other.
Bandage with thick bristle.
……………
(36.)
Panysinus.
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